Phase changes in cementitious materials exposed to saline solutions

This article summarizes long-term degradation mechanisms of cementitious materials in contact with fresh and saline solutions based on a review experimental observations field laboratory studies. In addition, simplified thermodynamic modelling approach was used to calculate the effect solution composition, ranging from river water sea water, intensity leaching kind quantity phases formed at interface environment. study shows that is main underlying mechanism for all investigated exposure solutions. The presence carbonates sulphates increases decalcification Ca-rich leading precipitation calcium carbonate sulfate, while chloride has little influence leaching. Carbonates interacting can suppress ettringite formation. If present, magnesium precipitates as brucite, M-S-H or hydrotalcite-like phase.